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| | | NICOTINE DELIVERYHow does nicotine deliver its effect?
Nicotine can act as both a stimulant and a sedative. Immediately after a person is exposed to nicotine, there is a - kick, caused in part by the drug's stimulation of the adrenal glands and resulting discharge of epinephrine, also known as adrenaline. The rush of adrenaline stimulates the body and causes a sudden release of glucose as well as an increase in blood pressure, respiration, and heart rate.
Nicotine also suppresses insulin output from the pancreas, which means that smokers are always slightly hyperglycemic. In addition, nicotine indirectly causes a release of dopamine in the brain regions that control pleasure and motivation. This reaction is similar to the reaction seen with other drugs of abuse, such as cocaine and heroin, and it is thought to contribute to the pleasurable sensations experienced by smokers. In contrast, nicotine, depending on the level of the smoker's nervous system arousal and the dose of nicotine taken, can also exert a sedative effect.
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